Citation and Formatting: Turabian Style

Citations in Turabian can be in one of two different styles:

Notes & Bibliography:

• Often used in the humanities, this style uses a superscript number (superscript refers to text that is tiny and high as compared to rest of the line, like this¹⁹) to direct a reader's attention to a corresponding numbered footnote or endnote.
• Sources are also listed in a bibliography at the end of the paper.

Author-Date

• In this style, writers cite sources by placing the source's author's name and publication year in parentheses following the point in the text in which a source is summarized, paraphrased, or quoted. Full citations are then compiled in a references list at the end of the paper.

Every source that you quote, summarize, or paraphrase must be cited in the text and at the end of your paper.

Every source quoted, summarized, or paraphrased in the body of your paper should be cited in the Bibliography section, and vice-versa.

Every source quoted, summarized, or paraphrased in the body of your paper should be cited in the Reference section, and vice-versa.

Block quotations:

• When quoting poetry, use block quotations when quoting two or more lines.
• When quoting prose, use block quotations when your quote is more than five lines or 100 words.
• Do not enclose block quotations in quotation marks.
• Block quotations begin on a new line in your paper.
• Block quotations are indented 1/2 inch.

• Margins: 1" all sides of the paper
• Spacing: Double-spaced except block quotations, bibliography or reference entries, and notes.
• Header: Page numbers, right justified, begin on the first page.
• Font: 12 point Times New Roman is preferred, but readability should be your guide, and your font should be no smaller than 10 point.
• Title page (if required):
  • The title is in the upper half of first page, 3-4 lines below the page number, in bold type. Capitalize all words except articles, conjunctions, or prepositions of fewer than 4 letters.
  • Your name then goes in the lower half of the first page, about 4-6 lines below the title.
  • Type any other required information on the next line.
  • And type the date on the next line.
• Block quotations:
  • When quoting poetry, use block quotations when quoting two or more lines.
  • When quoting prose, use block quotations when your quote is more than five lines or 100 words.
  • Do not enclose block quotations in quotation marks.
  • Block quotations begin on a new line in your paper.
  • Block quotations are indented 1/2 inch.

Hanging Indentation

Note: the following examples are in APA 7.

Using Word:

1) Ctrl+T - Place your cursor at the beginning of the second line of your citation.

2) Press the control & the T keys at the same time (command + T on some operating systems).

Using Google Docs:

1) Highlight your citations.

2) Select Format from the top tool bar. Select Align & Indent, then Indentation Options from the emergent menus.

3) In the resulting pop-up menu, select Special Indent, then Hanging, then click Apply.

The resulting citation should look like this: