Citation and Formatting: Turabian

Citations in Turabian can be in one of two different styles:

Notes & Bibliography:

• Often used in the humanities, this style uses a superscript number (superscript refers to text that is tiny and high as compared to rest of the line, like this¹⁹) to direct a reader's attention to a corresponding numbered footnote or endnote.
• Sources are also listed in a bibliography at the end of the paper.

Author-Date

• In this style, writers cite sources by placing the source's author's name and publication year in parentheses following the point in the text in which a source is summarized, paraphrased, or quoted. Full citations are then compiled in a references list at the end of the paper.

• Margins: 1" all sides of the paper
• Spacing: Double-spaced except block quotations, bibliography or reference entries, and notes.
• Header: Page numbers, right justified, begin on the first page.
• Font: 12 point Times New Roman is preferred, but readability should be your guide, and your font should be no smaller than 10 point.

Every source quoted, summarized, or paraphrased in the body of your paper should be cited in the Bibliography section, and vice-versa.

Every source quoted, summarized, or paraphrased in the body of your paper should be cited in the Reference section, and vice-versa.